Silane sulfonyl azides

ABSTRACT

Disclosed are nitrogen containing silane compounds of the formula WHERE R is an organic radical, X is selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, organo oxycarbonyl, azido, amine, and amide radicals; T is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, and aralkyl radicals; a is an integer from 1 to 3; b is an integer from 0 to 2; c is an integer from 1 to 10; d is an integer from 1 to 3; and a+b+d equals 4; and Z is selected from WHERE R&#39;&#39; is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and -COOR&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39; radicals; where R&#39;&#39;&#39;&#39; is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aryl radicals. Also disclosed is a process to promote the adhesion of polymers to siliceous materials, metals, metal oxides, and other polymers using the said silane compounds. In particular, there is disclosed a process of improving the adhesion of tire cord to rubber tire stock using the said silane compounds. The cross-linking of polymers with the silane compounds is also disclosed.

United States Patent Thomson 1541 SlLANE SULFONYL AZIDES J. Brent Thomson, Wilmington, Del.

[73} Assignee: Hercules Incorporated, Wilmington,

Del. I

[63] Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 789,974, Dec. 31, 1968, abandoned.

[72] Inventor:

52 us. cl..... ...,....260/349, 260/4482 B, 161/207, 161/193, 117/161UC 51 Int. Cl ..C07c 117/00 [58] Field of Search 260/349 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,254,191 8/1941 Roblin ..260/349 x 3,21 1,677 10/1965 Feild et al. ..260/349 x 3,272,846 9/1966 Paciorek ,et a1 ..260/349 3,298,975 1/1967 Feild et al. ..260/349 x 6/19 7 Wilkus et al. ..260/349 x Primary ExaminerJohn M. Ford Attorney-John W. Whitson [151 3,697,551 1451' Oct. 10, 1972 [57] ABSTRACT Disclosed are nitrogen containing silane compounds of the formula where R is an organic radical, X is selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, org'ano oxycarbonyl, azido, amine, and amide radicals; T is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, and aralkyl radicals; a is an integer from 1 to 3; b is an integer from 0 to 2; c is an integer from 1 to 10; d is an integer from 1 to 3; and a+b+d equals 4; and Z is selected from where R is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and COOR" radicals; where R is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, and aryl radicals. Also disclosed is a process to promote the adhesion of polymers to siliceous materials, metals, metal oxides, and other polymers using the said silane compounds. In particular, there is disclosed a process of improving the adhesion of tire cord to rubber tire stock using the with the silane compounds is also disclosed.

3 Claims, 116 Drawings cellulose;

SILANE SULFONYL AZIDES This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 789,974 filed Dec. 31, 1968, now abandoned.

This invention relates to a new class of organic compounds. This invention further relates to a method of improving the adhesion of polymers tosiliceous materials, metals, metal oxides and in adhering one polymer to another by use of the new organic compounds and to the products so produced It is known in the art to coat various substrates with polymers. However, in many cases the bond between the polymer and the substrate is weak. In still other cases the adhesion is almost completely lost when the polymer coated article is subjected to moist conditions.

It has now been found that the adhesion of any polymer to siliceous materials, metals, metal oxides or other polymer substrates can be greatly improved by the treatment of the substrate with a nitrogen containin g silane compound having the general formula where R is an organic radical; X is selected from halo, hydroxy, alkoxy,.aryloxy, organo oxycarbonyl, azido, amine, and amide radicals; T is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, and aralkyl radicals; a is an integer from 1 to 3; b is an integer from O to 2; c is an integer from 1 to d is an integer from I to 3; and a+b+d equals 4; and Z is selected from where R is selectedfrom hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and COOR" radicals; where R is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl radicals. Not only does the treatment in accordance with this invention increase the adhesion of the polymerto the'substrate, it also greatly improves wet strength retention.

Any polymer can be bonded to a siliceous material, metal, metal oxide or another polymer with said silane compound in accordance with this invention. Exemplary of the polymers which can be so bonded are the hydrocarbon polymers including saturated, unsaturated, linear, atactic, crystalline or nonlinear amorphous polymers, copolymers, terpolymers, etc. as for example polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(4- methylpentene-l polybutene-l polystyrene, styrene-- butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, natural rubber, polybutadiene, polyisobutylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, cis-1,4-polyisoprene, ethylene--propylene-- dicyclopentadiene terpolymer, etc. and blends of these polymers with each other. In addition, nonhydrocarbon polymers includingthe cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate butyrate, acetate rayon, cellulose partial alkyl ethers such as hydroxyethyl and hydroxypropyl viscose rayon; polyesters such as poly(ethylene terephthalate), drying and nondrying alkyd resins, etc.; poly-(alkylene oxides) such as poly(ethylene oxide) and poly(propylene oxide), etc.; poly(arylene oxides) such as poly(phenylene oxide), etc; the polyamides such as nylon, perlon-L, etc.; and poly(vinyl alkyl ethers) such as poly(vinyl methyl ether), etc.; vinyl chloride polymers containing at least 10 mole percent of vinyl chloride such as poly(vinyl chloride), vinyl chloride--vinyl acetate copolymers, vinyl chloride--vinylidene chloride copolymers, vinyl chloride--maleic anhydride copolymers, vinyl chloride- -fumaric acid copolymers, vinyl chloride--vinyl acetal copolymers such as the vinyl chloride--vinyl butyral copolymers, vinyl chloride--vinylidene chloride-- acrylonitrile terpolymers, vinyl chloride--vinyl acetate- -maleic anhydride terpolymers etc.; chlorinated natural rubber; ethylene--vinyl acetate copolymers; poly(vinylidene chloride); vinylidene chloride--acrylonitrile copolymers; poly(ethyl acrylate); poly(ethyl methac rylate); polysulfone; epoxy resins; poly[3,3- bis(chloromethyl)oxetane]; polychloroprene; butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers; butadiene--acrylonitrile--styrene terpolymers;'etc. .can be bonded to the above-mentioned materials.

The materials or substrates to which the polymers may be bonded, as stated above, include siliceous materials such as glass, asbestos, sand, clay, concrete, stone, brick, ceramic materials, etc.; metals such as aluminum, cadmium, chromium, copper, magnesium, nickel, silver, tin, titanium, zinc, etc. and alloys of the metals such as brass, bronze, steel, nickel chrome, etc.; and including metals which have been surface treated with phosphates, chromates, etc.; metal oxides such as aluminum oxide, iron oxides, lead oxides, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, etc.; and other polymers. Bythe term other polymers is meant any polymer other than the polymer which is to be bonded. These materials to which the polymers may be bonded can be in various forms such assheets, plates, blocks, wires, cloth, fibers, particles, powders, etc. For example, in accordance with this invention a polymer canbe bonded to glass fibers, cord, plates, or cloth, asbestos sheets or fibers, siliceous fillers such as silicon dioxide (sand) or clay, metal sheets, plates or wires, metal oxide pigments, polymer. sheets, woven fabric, fibers,

etc.

The process of this invention can be carried out in various ways. For example the material or substrate can be coated with a solution of the silane compound and allowed to dry thus inducing bonding through the silyl group. A polymer can be bonded to the thus treated material at the decomposition temperature of the azide or diazo group. By another method the silane compound and polymer can be deposited together on the material .and then heated to the decomposition temperature of the azide or diazo group. By still another method a polymer can be treated with the silane compound so as to react the azide or diazo functional group under conditions such that silane condensations do not occur. Subsequently the material or substrate can be contacted with the thus treated polymer so that coupling occurs through the silyl group. No matter which method is used it will be necessary, in accordance with this invention, to heat the silane compound to initiate the bonding reaction through the azide or diazo group. The temperature at which bonding is effected can be varied over a wide range depending upon the specific silane compound employed. In general, however, the temperature will be in the range of from about C. to about 350 C. Various amounts of silane compound can be used depending upon the specific compound, the surface area to be covered, the

polymer to be bonded to the material, etc.. In general thesilane compound will be. employed in the form of a solution which 'canbe sprayed, brushed, or poured over the surface of the-material. Alternatively, the material or: substrate can be dipped into a'solution or emulsion of the silaneicompound. These new compounds are generally soluble in solvents such 'as .methylene chloride, ethylenedichloride, trichloroethylene,

perchloroethylene, methanol, ethanol, isopropylalcohol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, benzene, toluene, etc. and will generally. be used in" concentrations of from about 0.0:1' percent to about 20.0 percent more preferably; from. about 0.05 cent by weight. In one modification of percent to about .0 per- .thisinvention the nitrogen containing silane compounds can. be used to bond various types of reinforcing materials, such as fibers, yarn, cord,-fabric, and the like to polymer (rubber) stock. A typical example of. bonding reinforcing material is the bonding of poly(ethylene terephthalate) tire cord .to rubber tire stock. The .said polyester tire cord is first treated with the silane compound. Thiscan be accomv plished by contacting the cord with a nitrogen containing silane compoundasfor example, by dipping, spraying,brushing,. or running it over a coated roll with a solution or dispersion .of the s ilanecompound in a.

suitable .liquid. In the next step the thus treated cord is heated to; a temperature sufficient'todecompose' the azide or diazo functional group. Inso doing, it is believed the azide or diazo group'reacts with the polyester leaving the silyl group free for later reaction. Next, the

, treated cord may be dipped in a standard industrial coating (adhesive) which iscompatible with the rubber in which the cord is to be embedded. The coating is a conventional tire cord adhesiveessentially comprising a mixture of a phenol-aldehyde resin and .a rubber latex. If. desired, the dip intheconve'ntional-tire, cord adhesive can be omittedwithia proportionate decrease in adhesive strength. Fin'ally,.the-thus treated tire cord is embedded ina commercial vulcanizable tire stock and cured. While polyester tire. cord is recited above, various other synthetic fibers,,cords, fabrics, andthe like .canbe bonded to rubber'stockin accordance with this invention. Such other reinforcing materials include 'polyolefin, polyamide, polycarbonate, rayon and glass fibers, cords, fabrics and the like. In the case of'bonding glass reinforcing material to rubber tire stockythe heat treatment followingthe contacting with a nitrogen containing silane compound (described above) may not be required because his helievedthe silyl groups react with the glass leaving the azide or diazo functional groupsfree for later reaction.

In another modification of this invention, metal obje cts, such as metal cans can be treated with a solution ,of the silanecompound, coated with apolymer latex or dispersion. and thenlieat'edfto form a tightly bonded, impervious coating. It will bereadily apparent to those skilled in the art that the process of this invention lends itself to any occurrence where, polymers are to be bonded to siliceous materials, metals, metal oxides or other polymers. 1

v In addition to the above tion; the nitrogen containing silane compoundslcan be used to cross-link polymers. Cross-linking can be carried out by merely admixing the polymer with a small modification of this invenamethylene,

b S -I where X, T, R, Z, a, b, c, and d are defined as above. Generally, R will be selected fromthe. group consisting of the hydrocarbon, halo-substituted hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon-oxy-hydrocarbon, hydrocarbon-thiohydrocarbon and hydrocarbon-sulfonyl hydrocarbon divalent radicals..ln preferred embodiments of this invention R will be .a divalent organic. radical selected from the group consisting of alkylene radicals such as the straight and branched C -C alkylene radicals which include, for instance, the methylene, ethylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexoctamethylene, decamethylene, dodecamethylene, octadecamethylene, etc. radicals; cycloalkylene radicals such as the C -C cycloalkylene radicals which include, for instance,.the cyclohexylene,

cyclope ntylene, cyclooctylene, cyclobutylene, etc.

radicals; arylene radicals such as o'-, m-, and p-phenylene, naphthylene, biphenylene,.etc radicals; arylenedialkylene radicals, such as o---, m, and p-xylylene diethylene, o'-, m, and p-phenylene diethylene, etc.

radicals; alkylene-diarylene radicals such as methylene bis (o-, m and p-phenylene), ethylene bis(o', m,

and p-phenylene), etc. radicals; cycloalkylene-dialkylene radicals such as,- l ,2-, l,3- and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene, 1,2- and l ,3-cyclopentane dimethylene, etc. radicalsiand the al kylene-oxy-alkylene radicals,

arylene-oxy-arylene radicals, alkarylene-oxy-arylene radicals, alkarylene-oxy-alkarylene radicals, aralkylene-oxy-alkylene radicals, aralkylene-oxy-aralkylene radicals, etc..as well as the-corresponding thiQ and.sulfonyl,radicals,.specitic examples of which include .ethyle'ne-oxy-ethylene, propylene-oxy-butylene, phenylene-oxy-phenylene,; methylenephenylene-oxyphenylenemethylene, phenylenemethylene-oxymethylenephenylene, ethylene-thio-ethylene, phenylene-thio-phenylene, phenylememethylene-thiomethylenephenylene, butylene-sulfonyl-butylene, etc. radicals. It will, of course, be obviousto those skilled in the art .thatR can contain other functional groups, which are substantially inert to the reaction in which these compounds are used, such as .esters, sulfonate esters, amides, sulfonamides, urethanes, and the like. In

- general R can be hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or COOR, radicals. The most preferred alkyl, cycloalkyl and aryl radicals are methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, .cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, tolyl, etc. The radical R" can be alkyl, cycloalkyl, or-aryl with the most preferred radicals being methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isobutyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, tolyl, etc.

, mate,

In general X can be hydroxy or any hydrolyzable radical. Typical hydrolyzable radicals are the halo radicals which include, for instance, the fluoro, chloro, bromo and iodo radicals; the alkoxy radicals including the C -C straight and branched. chain alkoxy radicals such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, octadecyloxy, etc.; the aryloxy radicals such as phenoxy, etc.; the organo oxycarbonyl radicals including the aliphatic oxycarbonyl radicals such as acetoxy, propionyloxy, stearoyloxy, etc.; the cycloaliphatic oxycarbonyl radicals such as cyclohexylcarbonyloxy, etc,; the aromatic oxycarbonyl radicals such as benzoyloxy, xylyloxy, etc.; the azido radical; the amine radical; the substituted amineradicals such as ethylamine, diethylamine, propylamine, etc.; and the amide radicals such as formamide, acetamide, trifluoroacetamine, benzamide, etc. Generally T will be a radical selected from the group'consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl, and aralkyl radicals such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl, tolyl, benzyl, xylyl, etc.

Typical nitrogen containing silane compounds of this invention are 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl diazoacetate, 2-(methyldichlorosilyl)ethyl diazoacetate, p- (trimethoxysilyl )benzyl diazoacetate, 3-

trimethoxysilylpropyl)carbamoyl1decyl diazoacetate,

4-(trimethoxysilyl)butyl a-diazopropionate, 3-(ethyldimethoxysilyl)propyl a-diazoaz-phenylacetate, 3- (trichlorosilyl)propyl a-diazoa-carbomethoxyacetate, 2-(trimethoxysilyl)ethyl a-di a zo wcarbophenoxyacetate, 4-(ethoxydichlorosilyl)cyclohexyl diazoacetate, 3-(trirnethoxysilyl)propyl azidoformate, 3 (methyldirnethoxysilyl)propyl azidoformate, 2- chloro-3-[ 3-(:trirnethoxysilyl)propoxylpropyl A azidofor- 3-(triazidosilyl) -prop'yl azidoformate, 2- (trimethoxysilyhethyl "azidoformate, 3-(triacetoxysilyl)propyl azidoforrnate, 2-[3-'(trimet hoxysilyl)propoxy]ethyl azidoformate, 3-(methyldiacetosilylipropyl azidoformate, 2-(ethyldiazosilanes, for example, can be prepared by reacting the corresponding hydrochloride salt of the primary 6 amine with nitrous acid (diazotization), which can be shown as follows:

where T and X are as defined above. If desired the unsaturated ester of glycine can first be diazotized'then reacted with the desired silane as follows:

- x-sicnin-o-d-dm where T and X are defined above. Still another method for the preparation of the diazosilanes is the reaction of a hydroxy diazoacetate with a silaneisocyanate as follows:

where T, X and R are as defined above and x is greater than l.v

The azidosilane compounds, for example, can be prepared by reacting the corresponding chloro-subst ituted compound with an alkali metal azide. In. the preparation of an azidoformate the reaction can be shown as follows:

where T, X, and R are as defined above. The intermediate silane chloroforrnate can be prepared, for ex-, ample, by the addition of the desired silane to an unsaturated chloroformate as follows:

can be reactedwith phosgene as follows:

CHA JHZ 00012 T I I C1 I x-siucnm o-crrz-cn-cnr-ocol where T and Xjareas'defin'ed above. in the case of a sulfonylazide" the intermediate silanesulfonyl chloride can be'preparedfor example by the addition-of the desired'silane to an unsaturated sulfonyl chloride as follows:

where T and )(are as defined above, or an alkylsilane can be chlorosulfonated as follows:

where T and X are as defined above. It should be noted that a mixed reaction-product may be obtained from chlorosulfonation, ,since substitution is random along the alkyl chain and, there will usually be some chlorina- 'ventional condensation catalyst, i.e." aceticv acid, HCl,,

15. NaOHi Q yOI the like,. A typical di tion of the alkyl chain. Another mthod for the preparation of the azidosilanesis by reacting a com-.

S OzNz Hor I- where T and X are as defined above and'x is greater than 1. a

Many of, the nitrogen containing silanecompounds of this invention are liquids, that is liquid at 2025 C'. and at atmospheric pressure; However, some are solids. They are characterized in that the diazo or azido portion readily reacts with a wide variety of polymers to effect linkage of the polymer tothe silane compound. They are further'characteriied in that the silane portion of the molecule adheres to materials such as siliceous materials, metals, metal .oxides and many polymers. I I I The above described nitrogen containing silane compounds readily condense to form dimers, timers and even polymers when heated and/or in-the'presence of water and? acidic or basic condensation catalysts; Because of the easewith which they condense, it is apparent that many of the-silane compounds of this inven- .tion (with the exception of those freshly prepared under anhydrous conditions) exist in admixture with at least a small amount of their condensation products.

preparation.

Therefore, it is to be understood that t he'terrns lnitrogen containing. silane compound and silane compound, used-in the specification and claims of this application, include not only the pure monomeric compounds but also mixtures of the monomers with at least a small amount of the condensation products of the monomers. It may be desirable in some cases to use a condensation product of ajnitrogen containing silane compound instead of the monomenlf this is desired suchcondensation product can readily :be prepared by heating one of the above described silane compounds in the presence of a small amount of water and a conwould'havethe general formula Z )Ald) where T, R, Z,.cand d are as defined above. A typical condensation polymer-would have the generalformula I where X, T, R, Z, c and are as defined above.

The following examples will illustrate the invention all parts and percentages being by weight unless otherwise indicated.

I EXAMPLEI This exampleillustrates N-3-(triethoxysilyl)pro pyl- N-m-azidosulfonylphenylurea, andna process for its dition of 25 parts of methylenechloride resulted in a clear'solution. After stirring-overnight the solvent was evaporated leaving ayellow solidhaving a melting point of;95 C.

An infra-red spectrum o f 't his productshowed a strongazide band at 2,130 cm. and'a strong carbonyl bandat 1,700 cm. A sample of theproduct decomposed in diphenyl ether at 153 C. evolving 92 percent of the theoretical amount of gas. 1

A typical elemental analysis of this product was:

N S Si Analyzed (it) 14.6 7.3 6.2 Calculated (9o) 15.7 7.2 6.4

A sample of the product recrystallizedfrom a mixed benzenehexane solvent waswhite and melted at 9597 EXAMPLlE 2 This eaaa'e initiate; 3 (metiiidiinenibxysilyl)propyl azidoformate and a process for its I To a solution of methyldichlorosilane parts) and allyl chloroformate. (60 parts) was added chloroplatinic acid. (0.0052 parts)v dissolved in' isopropanol (0.1 parts). The mixture thus-formed was stirred at 2025'C. under nitrogen for about 144 hours. Volatiles were removed by aspiratorvacuum from the reaction mixture. Subsequently the reaction mixture was vacuum distilled. A middle cut (35 parts) boiling at 6568 C. at a pressure of 0.4 millimeter of mercury was collected as the desired intermediate product. It consisted essentially of 3-(methyldichlorosilyl)propyl chloroformate.

A portion(21 parts) ofthis intermediate product was added to a slurry of sodium azide (46.2 parts) in anhydrous methanol (150 parts). The resulting mixture was stirred rapidly in a nitrogen atmosphere for about 144 hours at 25 C. The reaction mixture was placed under aspirator vacuum to remove solvent. The residue, a pasty solid, was extracted with methylene chloride. The colorless extract solution was subjected to vacuum to remove substantially'all of the solvent. The residue was a colorless oil (37.6 parts) consisting essentially of 3-(methyldimethoxysilyl)propyl azidoformate.

This example illustrates 3- (trimethoxysilyl)propyl azidoformate and a process for its preparation.

To a solution of trichlorosilane (67.5 parts) and allyl chloroformate (30 parts) was added a solution of chloroplatinic acid (0.0052 part) in isopropanol (0.1 parts). The resulting mixture was stirred for 45 hours at 2025 C. It was then subjected to vacuum distillation, the fraction distilling at-4850 C. at a pressure of 0.35 millimeter of mercury being collected as the desired intermediate product (28 parts). This product consisted essentially of 3(trichlorosilyl)propyl chloroformate.

This intermediate product (23 parts) was added dropwise to a slurry of sodium azide (39 parts) in anhydrous methanol (100 parts) While maintaining the reaction mixture thus formed at 2025 C. After stirring at this temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere for 20 hours, the reaction mixture was sparged with nitrogen and then stripped by aspirator vacuum of solvent. The white pasty residue was extracted with methylene chloride, the solids-liquid separation being achieved by centrifugation and decantation. The remaining solids were extracted two more times with fresh methylene chloride with the resulting methylene chloride extracts being combined with the first methylene chloride extract. The total methylene chloride extract was subjected to aspirator vacuum and then high vacuum (0.5 millimeter of mercury) at 2025 C.'Th e residue was a colorless liquid (19.9 parts) consisting essentially of 3- (trimethoxysilyDpropyl azidoformate.

An infra-red spectrum of this product showed a strong azide doublet at 2140 cm. and 2180 cm", and a strong carbonyl band at 1740 emf.

A typical elemental analysis of this product was:

- EXAMPLE 4 This example illustrates 2-chloro-3-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propoxy]propyl azidoformate, and a process for its preparation.

Liquid phosgene (20 parts) was added to a flask containing pyridine (1 part) at 60 C. The resulting yellow slurry was warned to l'5 C. and 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane (23.6 parts) added dropwise over a 30 minute period. The yellow reaction mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours at 15 to 10 C., and then placed in a wet ice bath (+3 C.) under a very slow nitrogen sparge. The wet ice bath was allowed to warm to 2025 C. over a period of 16 hours. The resulting reaction mixture (a tan colored slurry) was sparged with nitrogen and then subjected to high vacuum at 2025 C. The residue was a light amber oil containing a small quantity of white solids. The solids were separated from the oil by centrifugation, to give the desired intermediate product (29 parts). This intermediate product consisted essentially of 2-chloro-3-[3- trimethoxysilyl)propoxylropyl chloroformate.

A portion (13.4 parts) of the intermediate product was added dropwise to a slurry of sodium azide (7.8 parts) in anhydrous methanol parts) maintained at 2025 C. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred for 20 hours at 2025 C. under nitrogen. The white slurry thus obtained was stripped under aspirator vacuum and then extracted with methylene chloride. The extract was subjected to high vacuum at 2025 C. to remove substantially all of the solvent. The resulting product was an oil 12.5 parts), consisting essentially of 2-chloro-3-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propoxy]propyl azidoformate.

The infra-red spectrum of this product showed a strong azide doublet at 2,140 cm. and 2,185 cm. as

well as a carbonyl band at 1,740 cmf A typical elemental analysis of the product was:

N S1 C1 Analyzed 11.6 7.7 10.8 Calculated v 12.3 8.2 10.4

EXAMPLE 5 This example illustrates v 3(triazidosilyl)propyl azidoformate and a process for its preparation.

Liquid sulfur dioxide (40 parts) was collected in a dry ice-acetone bath, warmed to 20C., and sodium azide (3.25 parts) admixed with it. While stirring the resulting white slurry at l0 C., a portion (2.56 parts) of 3-(trichlorosilyl)propyl chloroformate was added. The reaction mixture thus formed was stirred at 10 C. for 3 hours and then allowed to slowly warm to 2025 C. while passing a stream of nitrogen through the reaction mixture and evaporating excess sulfur dioxide. Methylene chloride (60 parts) was added to the remaining white solid material, and the mixture was then centrifuged to remove insoluble material. The solution was then stripped of methylene chloride by sparging with a stream of nitrogen until a constant weight was reached. The material that remained was a colorless oil (2.49 parts) consisting essentially of 3- v 11 The azide content of the oil analyzed 59.2 percent.

Thecalculated azide content for 3-(triazidosilyl)propyl azidoformateiis 59.5 percent.

EXAMPLE6 reaction mixture at this temperature for about 20' hours, the pink slurry was sparged with nitrogen and then stripped by aspirator vacuum of solvent. Benzene (450 parts) was admixed with the reaction mixture and the thus diluted mixture filtered. The filtrate was washed with fresh benzene (250 parts) and the wash liquid and filtrate combined to'give a clear colorless solution (800 parts). This solution was stripped of part), was exposedto ultraviolet light while sulfuryl chloride (48.5 parts) was added dropwise over a period of 1 hour. The temperature was maintained at 25--30 C. during the addition. The mixture thus formed was stirredfor 7 hours at 2530 C. with continued exposure to ultraviolet light. A slightly cloudy solution resulted. Volatiles were removed from .the solution by heating to 90 C. at atmospheric pressure, and then subjecting it to high vacuum at 25 C. The product that remained was an amber oil (54, parts) consisting essentially of mixed isomersof chlorinated (trimethoxysilyl)amylsulfonyl chloride.

A portion (45 parts) ofthe intermediate product was added dropwise to a slurry of sodium azide (57 parts) in anhydrous methanol (300 parts) maintained at 20-2 5 C; The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 2025 C., for 20 hours, and then .the .methanol removed at this temperature by aspirator vacuum. The residue was a reddish tan pastysolid material. It was diluted with. methylene chloride and thesolids removed by centrifugation. The yellow solution remaining was subjected, at 2025 C., to a vacuum of 0.5 millimeter of 'mercury to removethe methylene chloride. The residue .was a yellowoil (39:4 parts).consisting essentially of mixed isomers of chlorinated (trimethoxysilyl)amylsulfonyl azide. v

The infra-red spectrum of the product in methylene chloride shows an az'ide band at 2,145 cm., and sulfonyl bandsat 1,370 cm." and 1,190 cm..

A typical isomer contains-one chloride on the amyl chain and one sulfonyl azide group also on the amyl chain.

I EXAMPLE 7 This example illustrates mixed isomers of (trimethoxysilyl)hexylsulfonyl azide and a process for their preparation.

A solution of n-hexyltrichlorosilane (102 parts) in methylene chloride (1200 parts) was cooled to 3 C.

Sulfur dioxide gas was bubbled through the solution at a rate of about9 parts per hour for about 10 minutes. Chlorine gas parts) was then introduced in conjunction with the sulfurdioxide gas over a 5 hour period into the reaction mixture at 5 C. whileexposing.

to ultra-violet light. The solvent was removed by aspirator vacuum from :the chlorosulfonated reaction mixture. The resulting pale yellow solution was subjected to vacuum distillation up to 65 C. at 0.5 millimeter of mercury to removeunreacted n-hexyltrichlorosilane.

The oily: residue. (345 parts) was an intermediate benzene at 35 C. at 0.5 millimeter of mercury. The

residue was a colorless oil (142 parts) consisting essentially of mixed isomers of (trimethoxysilyl)hexylsulfonyl azideu I I An infra-redlspectrum of the product showed an azide band at 2,130 cm. as well as sulfonyl peaks at 1,365 cm." and 1,160 cm..

A typical elemental-analysis of the product was:

I I Total N Y s Cl Analyzed v(%) 12.8 9.7 2.6 Calculated(% 13.5 10.3

The small amount of chlorine found in the analysis of the product indicates that the hexyl chain was partially chlorinated.

EXAMPLES This example illustrates mixed isomers j of (trimethoxysilyl)cyclohexylsulfony-l azide and a process for their preparation. I

A solution of cyclohexyltrichlorosilane parts) in methylene chloride 1,200 parts) was cooled to 3 C. and sulfur dioxide gas bubbled into thesolution at a rate of 11.8 g. per hour for a period ofabout 15 minutes. While exposing the reaction mixture to ultravioletlight, chlorine gas (32.5 parts) was introduced into the reaction mixture in conjunction with the sulfur dioxide gas over a period of about 5 hours. Upon completion of the introduction of chlorine gas, exposure of the reaction mixture to ultra-violet light was,

continued for an additional 30 minutes. The solvent was removed from the clear'solution under aspirator vacuum'and then unreacted material was removed by '20 .hours. After removal of methanol by aspirator vacuum, benzene ,(300 parts) was admixedwith the 7 reaction mixture and the resulting slurry'centrifuged to remove insolubles. The liquid that remained was a clear plane yellow solution. By subjecting the solution to a vacuum'of 0.5 millimeter of mercury at a temperature of about 30 C., the benzene was stripped from the solution, giving a yellowoily product (45.5 parts) consisting essentially of --mixed isomers of (trimethox- I ysilyl)cyclohexylsulfonyl azide.

An infra-red spectrum .of the product showed a strong azide peak at2,145 cm. and sulfonyl bands at 1,370 cm. and 1,160 cmf.

The small amount of chlorine found in the analysis of the product indicates that the cyclohexyl ring was partially chlorinated.-

EXAMPLE 9 This example illustrates 3(trime'thoxysilyl)propyl diazoacetate and a process for its preparation.

A mixture of glycinyl chloride hydrochloride (13 parts) and ally] alcohol (1 1.6 parts) was heated under an atmosphere of nitrogen for 2 hours at 90 C. The resulting mixture was extracted thoroughly with ether to remove excess allyl alcohol and the remaining insoluble material dissolved in water (50 parts). Ether (180 parts) was added to the aqueous solution and sodium nitrite (6.9 parts) dissolved in the aqueous layer while maintaining the temperature at C. Then 10 percent sulfuric acid was added dropwise until the ether'layer became bright yellow. The ether layer was separated from the aqueous layer and dried over a mixture of anhydrous sodium sulfate and'anhydrous sodium carbonate. The drying agents were filtered off and the ether removed under vacuum. The yellow oily residue consisted essentially of allyldiazoacetate.

A portion of ,the intermediate product parts), along with trimethoxysilane 12.2 parts) and a catalytic amount of azo bis-isobutyronitrile were dissolved in benzene (175 parts) and heated for 16 hours at 50 C. The benzene and excess silane were then removed under vacuum. The yellow oily residue consisted of 3(trimethoxysilyl)propyl diazoacetate in substantial yield.

EXAMPLE This example illustrates mixed isomers of 3- and 4- (trimethoxysilyl)cyclohexyl diazoacetate and a process for their preparation.

A mixture of glycinyl chloride hydrochloride (9 parts) and 3-cyc1ohexene-1-ol (14.7 parts) was heated under an atmosphere of nitrogen for 2 hours at 100 C. The resulting mixture was extracted thoroughly with ether and the remaining insoluble material dissolved in water (40 parts). Ether (140 parts) was added to the aqueous solution and sodium nitrite (4.76 parts) dissolved in the aqueous layer while cooling the whole to a temperature of 0 C. Then 10 percent sulfuric acid was added drop'wise until the ether layer became bright yellow. The ether layer was separated and dried as described in Example 9. The drying agents were filtered off and the ether removed under vacuum. The remaining yellow oil consisted essentially of 3- cyclohexenel -diazoacetate.

A portion of the intermediate product (4.2 parts),

tially of 3 and 4-(trimethoxysilyl)cyclohexyl diazoacetate in substantial yield.

EXAMPLE 1 1 This example illustrates p-[B-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]phenyl diazoacetate and a process for its preparation.

Glycinyl chloride hydrochloride was reacted with 3- (p-hydroxyphenyl)-l-propene and then diazotized using the process described in Examples 9 and 10.

The resulting intermediate (9.1 parts), along with trimethoxysilane (12.2 parts) and a catalytic amount of azo bis-isobutyronitrile were dissolved in benzene (130 parts) and heated for 15 hours at 50 C(The benzene and excess silane were removed under vacuum. The yellow oily residue consisted essentially, of p-[3- (trimethoxysilyl)propyl]pheny1' diazoacetate in good yield.

EXAMPLE 12 This example illustrates 10-[(3-trimethoxysi1y1- propyl)carbamoyl]decyl diazoacetate and a process for its preparation.

To melted 1,10-decanedio1 (35 parts) at 125 C. was added glycinyl chloride hydrochloride (11.24 parts) portionwise under an atmosphere of nitrogen over a one hour period with stirring. The resulting mixture was heated under nitrogen for 2 hours at 120 C. Water (500 parts) was added and the mixture stirred 4 hours. It was then extracted four times with portions of chloroform (300 parts). The aqueous layer was filtered and evaporated to dryness to give an orange gummy solid. The solid was extracted with ether and dissolved in water parts). Ether (210 parts) was added to the resulting yellow aqueous solution and the mixture cooled to 0 C. Sodium nitrite (50 parts) was dissolved in the aqueous layer and 10% sulfuric acid added dropwise. With the addition of acid the ether layer became yellow and was periodically. drawn off and replaced with fresh ether. The combined ethereal extracts (850 parts) were dried as described in Example 9. The drying agents were filtered off and the ether removed under vacuum. The remaining yellow oil (6.4 parts) consisted essentially of IO-hydroxydecyl diazoacetate.

A portion of the intermediate product (5.63 parts), along with 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propy1 isocyanate (4.76 parts) and a few drops of dibutyl tin dichloride were added to benzene (45 parts) and stirred for 5 days under an atmosphere of nitrogen at room temperature.

The benzene was then removed under vacuum leaving a yellow oily product. The resulting product was l0-[(3 -trimethoxysi1y1propy1)carbamoyl]decy1 nitrogen evolution.

EXAMPLE 13 diazoacetate of approximately 81 percent purity as determined by l vided into four portions. To each portion of the colloidalsuspension was added a different amount of 2- chloro-3-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propoxylpropyl azidoformate in a methylene chloride solution. Each suspension was mechanically mixed a'nd'then used .to dip-coat an iron phosphate treated steel panel. Each coated panel was baked at a temperature of 400 F. for 8 minutes 1 and then allowed-to cool. The coating oneach panel was tested for adherence by scoring with a razor blade and then drawing theedge of a metal coin firmly across the thus scoredsurface. The adhesion of the coating to the surface was rated as follows:

Poora i the coating strips easily from the substrate a majorpart of the coating is" removed but very noticeable resistance to the coin is noted a minor part of the coating'is removed. The coin'skips across -the coating rather than removing a continuous film.

None of the coating is removed.

Fair

Good

Excellent The results ofthe test are tabulated below: 7

v of A zidosilane' Adhesion Sample in suspension a None (control) poor I) 0.1 good c 05 excellent d excellent *percent by weight based on the weight of polypropylene EXAMPLE 1'4 This exarnpte illustrates the bonding of a polymer to metal panelsuby firsttreating the panels with an azidosilane compound.

Metal panels l 4 inches and one-sixteenth inch thick were cleaned andthen .degreased in trichloroethylene vapor. Each paneL'except the untreated controls, was treated by, dipping in a solution of 0.02 g/ml of 2-chloro-3-[3-(t'rimethoxysilyl)propoxy] propyl azidoformate in methylene chloride solution for approximately 5 seconds and immediately dried with a coldv air gun. Samples of each polymer were cutinto 0.050 inch thick 1 X A inch plaques, cleaned and 'placed between two panels so that the panels overlapped approximately one-half inch. Each assembly was molded in ahydraulic press'for' 5 minutes at an elevated temperature and a pressure of 400 p.s.i. and then cooled in the press to room temperature. In each case the assembly was placed in a jig during the mold ing to maintain a 0.025 inch glue line. Each sample was then tested for lap shear strength. The metal panelsand polymersused; the temperature of the pressure molding and the results of the lap shear strength tests are tabulated below.

-Lap Lap Shear Shear strength Strength of of Treated untreated Metal Molding Sample Control Panel 'Polymer 1 tempfC. p.s.i. p.s.i. I

Polypro- 250 3500 290 Aluminum.

- pylene' Cold rolled steel Polyp'ropylene 250 l 500 negligible lron phosphate Polypro- 250 2000 negligible treatedsteel pylene. Aluminum, Polyethylene 200 2400 1600 Cold rolled steel Polyeth- I ylene 200 790 460 Aluminum Polyeth- 200 2400 lZOO- ylene Crystalline polypropylene having a specific gravity o 0.904 g.[cc. and a melt index (I, at 230C.) of4.

High density polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.952 g./cc. and a melt index (I, at C.) of0.6.

High density polyethylene having a specific gravity of 0.945 g./cc.

EXAMPLE .15 g This example shows the bonding of polypropylene to metal panels by first treating the panels with an azidosilane compound. i

Metal panels 1 X 4 inches andone-sixteenth inch thick were cleaned and then treated with a methylene chloride solution of an azidosilane compound exactly 1 as described in Example 14. The panels were assembled for lap shear strength tests by placing plaques of polypropylene between two panels also as described in Example 14 and molding at a temperature of 230 C. for 5 minutes. The time was used as follows: 3 minutes at contact pressure, 1 minute up to a pressure of 200 p.s.i. and 1 minute at pressure. Each molded sample was then tested for lap shear strength. The metal panels used, the azidosilane compound used and its concentration in the I methylene chloride solution and the results of the tests are tabulated below. i

Mixed isomers of (trimethoxysilyl)hexylsulfonyl azide described in Example 7.

Mixed isomers of "chlorinated (trimethoxysilyl)amylsulfonyl azide described in Example 6.

' EXAMPLE 1 This example shows the bonding of a polypropylene suspension to metal panels by first treating the panels.

with an azidosilane compound.

The procedure used in this'example is similar to that described in. Example 14 except the panels were treated by dipping in a 5 percent aqueous methanol solution of 0.02 g/ml of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl azidoformate. Each panel was coated on one side, using a 10 mil drawdown knife, with the colloidal suspension of crystalline polypropylene particles described in Ex- Lap Shear Bond Strength Metal p.s.i.

Cold Rolled Steel 2000 Aluminum 2300 EXAMPLE 17 This example showsthe bonding of a polypropylene suspension to metal .panels and lap shear bond strength tests where the polypropylene is first mixed with an azidosilane compound.

Samples of the colloidal suspension of crystalline polypropylene particles described in Example 13 were mixed with various amounts of azidosilane in methylene chloride solution.

Metal panels were coated with the polymer suspension' and fused as described in Example 16. Then coated panels were assembled and molded also as described in Example 16. The molded samples were tested for lap shear strength. The metal panels used, the azidosilane compound used and the amount and the results of the tests are tabulated below:

*Percentage by weight based on the weight of polypropylene as described in footnote 1 of Example 15 EXAMPLE 18 This example shows the bonding of polypropylene to glass cloth which has first been treated with an azidosilane compound;

Twelve (12) ply laminates of glass cloth and polypropylene film were prepared using 181 style electrical glass woven cloth, heat cleaned and having a weight of 8.9 ounces per square yard and 5 mil film of crystalline polypropylene. Sheets of the glass cloth were first immersed in a 0.09 g/ml solution of 2-chloro- 3[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propoxy1propyl azidoformate in methylene chloride. The thus treated cloth was dried and then laid up to form the laminate by alternating plies of the treated glass cloth and sheets .of the polypropylene film. The resulting assembly was compression molded at a temperature of 220 C. for 7 minutes at contact pressure, 3 minutes at a pressure of 440 p.s.i. and then cooled to 23 C. under 440 p.s.i. pressure to form a one-eighth inch thick laminate. A control laminate was prepared exactly as described above except the treatment with the azidosilane was omitted. Test specimens 1 inch by 3 inches were cut from the laminates and tested for fiexural strength and flexural modulus according to ASTM D-790 on a 2 inch span at 0.05 inch/minute cross-head speed. The

EXAMPLES 19-30 These examples show the bonding of various polymers to glass cloth which have first been treated with an azidosilane compound.

Strips of the glass cloth described in Example 18 were immersed in a 0.5 percent by weight solution of 2- chloro-3 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propoxy]propyl azidoformate in methylene chloride, drained, and hung to dry. The resulting treated glass cloth was used to prepared 12 ply laminates with 12 different polymers as follows:

19. Strips of the treated glass cloth were immersed in a 12.5 percent by weight solution of polycarbonate resin in methylene chloride. The strips were hung up to dry and then heated in an 'oven at a temperature of C. to remove the last traces of solvent. The resulting sheets were cut into squares measuring 5 /3 X 5 /8 inches. Twelve plies of the polymer impregnated cloth were assembled for molding.

20. A twelve ply assembly was prepared exactly as described in 19 except the strips were immersed in a 33 percent by weight solution of acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene molding powder in methylene chloride.

21. A strip of the treated glass cloth was cut into squares measuring 5 /8 X 5 inches. A laminate was assembled by alternating 12 plies of the glass cloth squares with 13 plies of crystalline polypropylene film 5 mils in thickness.

22. A laminate was assembled exactly as described in l 27. A laminate was assembled exactly as described in 21 except the polymer was 6 mil poly(ethylene terephthalate) film.

21 except I the polymer was 6 mil poly(ethylene terephtha1ate--hexahydroterephthalate) film.

29. A laminatewas assembled using 1 2 squares of the mbledexactly as described in The thermosetting plastic laminates were gelled and cured while clamped between steel plates. The conditions are given in Table ll.

. treated glass cloth." Each square'measured iii X 5 $4. 5 TABLE II inchesand was coated witha hot epoxy resin. Thenresin E G I C x. e ure p p y heating 15 parts of the p y Y to No. Polymer Conditions Conditions 50 C. and adding 1 .87 'part of m-phenylenedlamme. I The laminate was-assembled on 'a heated 12' X 12 inch Epoxy resin, 1 hr at h 3 hrs M16090 steel plate fitted with poly( ethylene terephthalate) 30 Polyester resin" 3 hrs at so" a release sheet. An excess of resin was maintained on the I 2 I laminate at all times and as eachsquare of cloth was added, a :1 spatula was used to work they trapped air V g through the cloth One eighth inch spacer bars were 't g' 'g gg" P A at elwilde placed on three sides of the laminate and a release listyrengmodified bisphenomypepolyester sheet placed'on top. A second steel plate was placed on I a v the l d entire assemblysewred with Control samples were prepared exactly as described clamps- 1 a r above except the glass cloth was not'firsttreated with 30. A lamlnatewas assembled exactly as described in h id il compoun Sa l f h treated d 29 63 p the P y was a styrene-modified control laminates were tested for flexural strengthand P ye n m P P hundred methyl modulus according to ASTM D-790 using a 2 inch y Peroxide and heated 9 60C! span, single-point loading, and a crosshead speed of 0.2 All thermoplastic laminates were prepared by c inch/minute. Each sample was cut to a size of l X 3 X A; pression molding in a picture-frame mold having inside inch. Tests were also conducted on mostof the samples dimensions of 6 X 6 X rt; inches. Moldin conditions are after boilin in water. The results of the tests are set g given in Table l. i. forth in Table III.

TABLE I' 1 Preheat Molding (Joggi 1'65- Example Time, Temp Pressure, Time, Tegnpg Pressure, sure, N b r Polymer min. C. I p.s.i. min. 0. p.s.i. p.s.i.

19 Polycarbonate L. 4 250 Contact..- 5 250 500 500 20 Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene 7 24 .d0 6 240 350 350 21.. Polypropylene a 7 220 -do 5 220 400 400 22.; Polyethylene 6 177 o I 4 177 400 400 23 Polystyrene 6 204 --do 4 204 340 340 24 Polyoxymethyleneh- 4 220 do 3 220 340 340 26 Poly (vinyl chloride) 8 15 193 do 3 193 440 440 26 ylon 10 280 -i do-- 2 280 500 500 27 Poly (ethylene terephthalate) i a .7 285 5 235 500 25 28. Poly (ethylene terephthalatehexahydroterephthalate) J p 4 235 d o 3 235 400 400 Based on 4, 4"dihydroxydiphenyipropane and having a meltindex (ASTM 13 -1238) of 6 g. [10 min.

b 19% acrylonitrile, 20% butadienevhaving a melt index (ASTM D-1238) of 16 g./l0 min. o i

@ Crystalline, having a specific gravity of 0.904 g./cc. and a melt index of 4 g./i0 min. (12 at 230 0.

d High density, having a specific gravity of 0.952 g./cc. and a melt index of 0.6 g./1-0 min. (I2 at 190 C.)

@ Atactic polystyrene having a specific gravity of 1.04 gJcc. V

f Having a specific g'ravity'ot 1.42 g./cc. V

K Rigid, having a number average molecular weight of 140,000.

*- Poly (hexamethylene adipamide) having a number average molecular weight of 110, 000. I

i Having an intrinsic viscosity 010.61 and an amorphous specific gravity of 1,34 g./cc. I

Having a specific viscosity of 0.86at 25 0. ins /40 solution of phenol and tetraehloroethane and a specific gravity of 1.335 g./cc. after annealing.

k Annealed for 2 at under pressure. H w v I l V i TABLE III Dry iiexural properties Boiled in water properties lllrelatment St th M dul H t I th Modulus 0 g 858 reng 0 US, ours S reng i fili i Polymer cloth p.s.i. p.s.i. l0 boiled p.s.i,: l p.s.i.X1(l

Polycarbonate --{5;; ,gq 5533 5-; 3; gtggg g- 20. Acryionitrile-butadiene-styrenenigge a t gc i 25', 388 g 22,232; 5.

. r "$3122? i:88 1 :3 3% %;588 i: Polyethylem" 3% e233 5- Y 1 1. 24 o yo y v e 2 2 33 I yh n chloride) $33 g, 1 8 a I 26 Nam-r --{aaei----- sass a area a v I Po1y(ethy1ene t p h 283 I gggg 1 I 28... Poiy(ethy1ene,terephthalate-hexahydroterephtlialate ..{gg%ei;gc1l,.. 4 ,183 g I 2,

-czsezie223 a sags v v Treated"... 55,700 3.5 72 35,400 3,0 30 pgyestet resin {Contr0l 2.6 72 25,600 2.6

cmwomaww-rcoro I 21 EXAMPLES 31 and 32 These examples show thebonding of polypropylene to samples of glass cloth which have first been treated with an azidosilane compound.

Strips of the glass cloth described in Example 18 were immersed in solution of an azidosilane in methylene chloride, drained and hung to dry. The resulting treated glass cloth was used to prepare 12 ply laminates with crystalline polypropylene film, 5 mils in thickness exactly as described in Example 18. Control samples were prepared in the same manner except the glass cloth was not first treated with an azidosilane compound. Samples were cut from the treated and control laminates and testedfor flexural strength and TABLE IV Azido Silane Dry Flexural 72 Hour Boil Cone. Properties flexural properties (Wt. Stre- Modulus I Modulus Ex. Azido in ngth p.s'.i. Strength p.s.i. No. Silane CH CI p.s.i. X 10' p,s.i. X 10 Control 12,500 1.8 8,100 1.4 Sulfonyl 31 s 0.125 36,100 2.5 21,100 1.8 0.250 39,400 2.4 24,300 2.2 0.500 45,100 2.3 24,000 2.4 100' 36,400 2.0 26,300 2.4 32 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl (H25 35,900 2 5 28,400 2.1 azidoformate As described in footnote 2 of Example 15 EXAMPLE 33 the solution was adjusted to 4 with glacial acetic acid.

A sample of the laminate and a control were tested for flexural strength and modulus as described in Examples 31 and 32. The results of the tests are tabulated below.

Dry Flexural 72 Hour Boil Properties Flexural Properties Strength Modulus Strength Modulus p.S.l. p.s.i. psi. p.s.i.

Control 12,500 1.8 8.100 1.4 Treated 21,900 2.0 18,200 I 1.9

-22. EXAMPLES 34 and 35 These examples show the bonding .of polypropylene to samples of glass cloth which have first been treated with an azidosilane compound.

Strips of the glass cloth described in Example 18 were immersed in benzene or methylene chloride solutions of an azidosilane, drained and hung to dry. The resulting treated glass cloth was used to prepare 12 ply laminates with crystalline polypropylene film, 5 mils in thickness exactly as described in Example 18. Control samples were prepared in the same manner except the glass cloth was not first treated with an azidosilane compound. Samples were cut from the treated and con- 1 trol laminates and tested for flexural strength and modulus according to ASTM D-790. Tests were also conducted on the samples after boiling in water for 72 hours. The results of the tests are set forth in Table V.

TABLE V Azidosilane conc. Az- (Wt. Dry Flexural 72 Hour Boil 'idoin I Properties flexural properties Ex. sil- Solsol- Strength Modulus Strength Modulus No. ane I vent vent psi psi X 10 psi psi Connone 0 13,300 1.7 9,800 1.4 trol sulfonben- 34 fonyl 0.06 zene 23,500 2.3 18,100 2.1

I azide 0.125 29,600 2.1 28,500 2.3 0.25 35,700 2.3 27,400 2.1 0.5 31,200 2.1 24,100 2.1 sulmefonthy- 35 yl 0.3 lene 27,200 2.4 19,200 2.3

212- chl-'- ide oride 0.06 39,900 2.7 27,200 2.6 0.125 40,000 2.5 31,000 2.5 0.5 24,500 2.5

Mixed isomers of'(trimethoxysilyl)cyclohexylsulfonyl azide As described in footnote 1 of Example 15 EXAMPLE 36 This example shows the bonding of a mixture of polypropylene and poly(vinyl acetate) to samples of glass cloth by treating the said cloth with an aqueous sizing system containing an azidosilane and a dispersion 6 of the polymers.

Strips of the glass cloth described in Example 6 were immersed in an aqueous dispersion prepared as follows: To 200 parts of water containing a small amount of alkylphenoxy poly-(ethyleneoxy ethanol) nonionic sur fonyltazide described in Example 7 'wereadded with continued agitation. After'immersion, the strips were hung up to dry and-thencut into inchsquares for lamination. Twelve squares'of the sized sheetwere a1- ternately "laid up with 5 mil sheets of crystalline polypropylene and compression molded ata temperature of 220 CLfor 7 minutes at contact pressure, 3

minutes. at apressure of 440 p.s.i; and then cooled to 23 C. under .440 p.s.i. pressure- Test specimens were cut from the laminates and tested for flexural strength and modulus according to ASTM .D-'-790: Tests were also conducted on the samples after boiling in water for 72 hours. The results of the testsiare tabulated below.

D ry'Flexural 72 Hour Boil. I 7 Properties flexural properties Grams of Modazidosilane- Strulus Samin Sizing ength .psiStrength Modulus Strength ple .dispersion psi X psi psi X 10 retention a 0.125 35,800 x 2.2 23,900 7 1.9 66' b 0.25 27,8001. 1.8 21,500 Y 77 C 0.50 37,700 1.9 .1 9

EXAMPLES 37-59' These examples show the bonding of various polymers to glass cloth by first treating the polymers with an azidosilane.

In each example, 15 parts by weightof polymer'was added to approximately 1,300 parts by weight of dry tetrachloroeth'ylene. A methyle'nefchloride solution of 0.67 parts by weight of 3-(trimethoxysilyhpropyl azidoformate was then added and the whole heated'to 120 C. with stirring.After 90 minute's'fthe solution was cooled to 9 0"v C. and 1 part by weightof water added to promote silane hydrolysis. Strips of the glass cloth described in Example 18 were immersed for 10 minutes in the hot solution,.hung in ahood for 15 minutes and then dried for 16- hours at80 C. in a vacuum oven. The dried strips were cutinto 5% inch-squares. The thus coated cloth squares were laid up to form the laminates by alternating plies of the cloth and 5 mil sheets'of the polymer. ln each case-the laminate contained 12 plies .of glasscloth. All laminateswere prepared by compression molding in a picture-frame mold having inside dimensions of 6 X 6 X 1s inches. The molding conditions used foreach polymer wereas described in Table the azidosilanew Samples of the ftreated and control laminates were tested for flexural strength and modulus according to ASTM- D790. The same tests. were also a conducted on samples after boiling in water. The resultsof these tests are set forthin Table'Vl.

ment ofength" '1 ulus' Hours Strength Modulus no. ymer polymerpsi Control samples were prepared exactly as described above except the polymers were not first treated with 7 samples ofglass cloth which ha've first been treated 722LLE9P s c 1 Treated 36,900 2.5 72 23.600 2.3 polycontrol 12,500 1.8 72 8,100 1.4 38 ethyj lene treated 16,900, 2.1 '72 15,000 1.6 control'l3 ,200 1.2 72 l 8,200 1.3 39. poly(ethylene te rephtha- V latehexv f ahydrote rephthai late)" treated 49,400 3.1 24 7 1 5,600 2.3. v

' control 46,400 2.8 24 12,000 2.0

Crystalline, having a specific gravity of 0.904 g./c c. and ameltindex of High density, having a specific gravity of0.952 gJcc. and a melt index of0.6 g./ l0 min. (1 at C.) 1

Prepared using 30 mol dimethylhexahydroterephthalate and having a specific viscosity 0.85-at 25C. in a 60/40 solution of phenol and tetrachloroethane EXAMPLEAO V This example shows the bonding of polypropylene to samples of glass cloth. which havefirst been treated with a diazoacetate silane compound.

Strips of theglass cloth vdescribed in Example'j 18 were immersed in various concentrations'of l0-[3-(- trim'ethoxysilylpropyl) carbamoyl] decyl diazoacetate in methylene chloride solution, drained, and hung to dry. Theresulting treated glass. cloth was used 'to prepare l2 ply.1aminates withcrystalline polypropylene film, 5 mils in thickness exactly as described in Exam- 'ple 18. A control sample was prepared in the same manner except the glass cloth was not first treated with the diazoacet'ate silane compound. Samples were cut from the treated and control laminates and tested. for flexural strength and modulus according to A ST-M D-790. Tests were also'conducted on the samples after boiling in water. The results of the tests are set forth in Table Vll. i

7 TABLE vn Diazoacetate Y Silane I I 72 Hour Boil compound Dry Flexural' Flexural- Conc. Properties Properties (Wt. Str- Samin; ength Modulus, Strength Modulus %strength ple 'CH Cl, psi psi X 10 psi psi X 10 retention a 0.500 25,200 1.9 23,400 1.9 92.7 b 0.250 33,500 2.1 23,900 2.1 71.5 c 0.125 33,300 2.1 27,400 2.2 82.1

con- 7 I trol None 12,500 1.8. 8,100 1.4 64.7

EXAMPLE 41 This example shows the bonding o f-c'polypropylene to with an azidosilane compound.

Strips of the glass cloth described in Example 18 were immersed in a 0.125 percent by weight solution of mixed isomers of 2-(trimethoxysilyl)ethylbenzenesulf,.

thickness exactlyas described in Example 18. Control samples were prepared in the same manner. except the glass cloth was not first treated with'an azidosilane compound. Samples were cut from the treated and con- 25 trol laminates'and tested for flexural strength and modulus according to ASTM D-790 as described in Examples 31 and 32. The results of the tests are tabulated below:

Dry Elexural Hour Boil Properties F lexural Properties Strength Modulus Strength Modulus p.s.i. p.s.i. p.s.i. p.s.i.

Control 12,500 1.8 8,100 1.4 Treated 37,200 2.4 32,100 2.1

EXAMPLE 42 Dry Flexiiral 72 Hour Boil Properties Flexural Properties Strength Modulus Strength Modulus p.s.i. p.s.i. p.s.i. p.s.i. X 10 Control 12,500 118 8,100 I 1.4 Treated 38,150 2.2 21,000 1.8

EXAMPLE 43 This example shows the bonding of polypropylene to samples of glass cloth which have first been treated with an azidosilane compound.

Strips of the glass cloth described in Example 18 were immersed i n a 0.06'percent by weight solution of N-S-(triethoxysilyl) propyl-N-3-azidosulfonylphenylurea in benzene, drained, and hung to dry. The resulting treated glass cloth was used toprepare laminates and tested exactly as described in Example 41. The results of the tests are tabulated below:

Dry Flexural 72 Hour Boil Properties Flexural-Properties Strength Modulus Strength Modulus p.s.i. v p.s.i. p.s.i. p.s.i. X 10" X 10 Control 12,500 1.8 8,100 1.4 Treated 36,500 2.0 I 25,800 1.8

EXAMPLE 44 This example shows the bonding of polypropylene to samples of asbestos felt which have first been treated with a diazosilane compound.

Laminates of asbestos felt and polypropylene film were prepared using chrysotileasbestos felts, 10 mils in thickness (99 percent asbestos) and 10, mil film of the crystalline polypropylene described in Example 18. The felts were first immersed in a 0.77 percent by weight solution of 3-(trimethoxysi1y1)propyl a-diazo-acarboethoxy acetate in methylene chloride. The thus treated felts were dried and then laid up to form the laminate by alternating plies of the treated asbestos felt and sheets of the polypropylene film. The resulting assembly was compression molded at a temperature of 220 C. for 7 minutes at contact pressure, 3 minutes at a pressure of 440 p.s.i. and then cooled to 23 C. under 440 p.s.i. pressure to form a one-eighth inch thick laminate. A control laminate was prepared exactly as described above except the treatment with the diazosilane was omitted. Samples were cut from the treated and control laminates and tested for flexural strength and modulus according to ASTM D-790. The

results of the tests are tabulated below:

Flexural Flexural Strength Modulus p.s.i. X 10 (p.s.i.)

' Control 15,900 0.9 Treated 18,900 1.0

EXAMPLE 45 This example shows thebonding of polypropylene to samples of asbestos felt which have first been treate with an azidosilane compound.

Strips of the asbestos felt described in Example 44 were immersed in a 0.4 percent by weight solution of 3- (trimethoxysilyl)-propy1su1fonyl azide in methylene chloride and dried. The resulting treated felt was used to prepare laminates with crystalline polypropylene and tested exactly as described in Example 44. The

results of the tests are tabulated below:

Flexural Flexural Strength Modulus p.s.i. X 10 (p.s.i.)

Control 1,5900 0.9 Treated 19,500 1.1

EXAMPLE 46 TABLE V111 Diazosilane Dry Flexural 72 Hour Boil Conc. Properties flexural properties (wt. in Strength Modulus Strength Modulus Sample CH C1 p.s.i. p.s.i. p.s.i. p.s.i.

Control None 13,300 1.7 8,900 1.2 a 0.062 24,000 1.8 12,200 1.7 b 0.125 26,900 1.9 15,200 1.7 c 0.25 25,200 1.8 16,700 1.7

EXAMPLE 47 I The test specimens were cured for 45 minutes at a Thisexample shows the bonding Ofpolypropylene to temperature of 307 F. After several hours conditionsamples of glass cloth which have first been treated with a diaz'osilane compound.

The procedure vused in this exampleis the same as that described in Example 46 except the glass cloth was immersed in. a 0.25 percent by weight dispersion of the diazosilane compound in water at a pH of 4-5. The resulting laminatesw ere treatedas described in Example .18. The results of the tests are tabulated below:

This example shows the bonding of polyester. tire Y cord to rubber tirestock using an azidosilane compound.

Poly(ethylene terephthalate), tire cord 1,000 denier and 3 ply, under about 500 grams of tension was passed twicethrough a trough containing a 5 percent solution of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyl azidoformate in a mixed trichlor oethylene-methylene chloride solvent. The cord was next passed through two ovens in series at 200 and 400 F. Residence times in the ovenswas .65 and 54 secondsrespectively. The cord dip pick up was approximately 1.4 percentby weight.

The modifiedcordwas next dipped in a resin latex prepared as follows: To a solution of 0.24 part of sodium hydroxide in 192.8 parts of water was added 8.8 parts of resorcinol with continued stirring until a complete solution was achieved. Then 12.2 parts of 37 percent formaldehyde was added. The solution was aged for approximately 5.hours at about 75 C. and then addedslowly to a mixtureof 48 parts water and 195 parts of a commercial latex, comprising a 41 percent solids terpolymer of styrene, butadiene and vinyl pyridine. The monomers being present ina ratio of approximately. l5:70:l5.'The mixture was stirred slowly for 15 minutes. and itszpH adjustedto 10.3 using concentrated ammonium hydroxide. The resultinggrayviolet latexcontained approximately percent solids. The azidosilane treated cord was passed twice through a trough of the above described tire cord coating under a tension ofjSOO grams and ten dried and cured for 54 seconds at a temperature of 430 F.

The thus coated cord was then embedded in a vulcanizablerubber tire stock and cured in the form of three-eighth inch l-l-specimens. The rubber tire stock had the following formulation:

ing at room temperature the H-specimens were tested according to the procedure of ASTM D-2 l 38-62T.An average (6 test'specimens) of 29 pounds was required to overcome the tire-cord rubber adhesion. A control specimen treated exactly'the same as above except for the azidosilane treatment gavean averageof 17 pounds required to overcome the tire cord-rubberadhesion. A specimen treated with the azidosilane as 1 described above but not treated with the resorcinol-formaldehyde latex dip gave an average valuebetween that reported for the test specimens and that reported for the control specimens.

EXAMPLE 49 Glass tire cord was bonded to rubber tire stock exactly as described in Example 48 with the exception of heating the cord afterit had been passed twice through the trough containing the solution of 3-(trimethoxy'silyl)'propyl a zidoformate. The test specimens were tested as described in Example 48 and foundto require substantially more force to overcome the tire cordrubber adhesion then was required in the case of control specimens not treated with azidosilane.

' EXAMPLE 50 This example shows the bonding of polyester fabric to silicone rubber using an azidosilane compound.

Woven poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric weighing 4 ounces per square yard was dipped into a 24 percent solution of 2-chloro-3-[3-(trimethoxysilyl )propoxy] propyl azidoformate in methylene chloride, air dried, and then baked in an air oven for 1 hour at a temperature of C. The thus treated fabric .was ply'ed with 0.04 inch'sheets of silica filled, vinyl substituted silicon rubber, containing 0.5 percent by weight of benzoyl from the rubber. ln T-peel tests carried out at 2 inches per minute the rubber failed rather. than separating from the fabric (requiring a load of 45 lbs/in). A control sample not treated with the azidosilane separated from the rubber at about 6 lbs. /in.

EXAMPLE 51 This example shows the bonding of polyester fabric to silicone rubber using an azidosilane compound.

Woven poly(ethylene terephthalate'); fabric weighing 4 ounces per square yard was dipped into a 22 percent.

solution of 2-(trimethoxysilyl)ethylbenzenesulfonyl azide in methylene chloride, air dried, and then baked in an airovenfor 1 hour at a temperature of 177 C.'

ture of- 150 F. The thus treated fabric was plyed with l 29 0.04 inch sheets of silica filled, vinyl substituted silicon rubber, containing 0.5 percent by weight of benzoyl peroxide, forming a sandwich-like structure, cured and tested as described in Example 50. lnT-peel tests the rubber failed rather than separating from the fabric. A control sample not treated with" the azidosilane separated from the rubber at about 6 lbs./in.

EXAMPLE 52 This example shows the use of an azidosilane compound to improve the physical properties of glass bead filled polypropylene.-

Glass beads ranging in size from about 6 to 44 microns and having a specific gravity of 2.48 grams/cc weredipped into a methanol solution of 2-(trimethoxysilyl)ethylbenzenesulfonyl azide. The beads were dried, leaving about 0.2 percent by weight pick-up of azidosilane compound. The thus treated beads were dry blended in a 'mill with crystalline polypropylene having a melt index (I at 230 C.) of 14 g., in a ratio of 30 parts of beads to 70 parts of polymer by weight. The mixture was then screw injection-molded to form test specimens V2 by it by inches in size. Zone 1 of the injection molding machine was maintained at 440 F., Zone 2 at 460 F., the nozzle at 470- F., and the mold was heated to 120 F. The resulting test specimens had a 30 percent higher flexural modulus at 1 percent strain and 15 percent more flexural strength after exposure to boiling water for 72 hours then control moldings made the same way using untreated glass beads.

EXAMPLE 53 This example shows the use of an azidosilane compound to size glass rovings.

An aqueous solution of 0.5 percent by weight 2- (trimethoxysilyl)ethylbenzenesulfonyl azide and 0.25 percent by weight water soluble epoxy resin, having an epoxide equivalent weight of l 17, was applied to continuous rovings of electrical glass fibers as they were formed at the glass drawing bushing. The thus sized rovings were taken up on a spool, baked for 40 minutes at a temperature of 100 C., and then chopped into one-fourth inch lengths. The chopped rovings were blended with the crystalline polypropylene described in Example 52 to provide a glass level of 30 percent by weight. The mixture was feed into a reciprocating screw injection molding machine maintained at 440 F. in zone 1, 460 F. in zone 2, 470 F. at the nozzle and the mold heated at 120 F. The V2 by A: by 5 inch specimens were tested and found to have a flexural strength of 15,000 psi. Control specimens, not treated with the azidosilane compound had a flexural strength of 9,000 psi. In addition to the difference in strength the treated rovings were much easier to handle in that they maintained their integrity to a much greater extent than the untreated rovings.

EXAMPLES 54 and 55 These examples show the bonding of polymers to glass cloth which has been treated with an azidosilane compound.

Strips of the glasscloth described in Example 18 were immersed in a 0.37 percent by weight solution of Dry Flexural 72 Hour Boil Properties flexural properties Strength Modulus Strength Modulus Example Polymer psi psi X 10 psi psi X 10 54 Polyeth- 35 ,500 2.2 28,400 2.2

ylene Control I 11,9.00 1.5 7,400 0.8 5 Polybut- 24,150 1.6 10,600 1.2

ene-l Control 1.5 7,000 1.0

"High density, having a specific gravity of 0.952 gi/cc. and a melt index of4.6 g/10 min. (1 at C.) isotactic-solid under the trade name Vestolen BT- 1 7l 1.

I claim: 7 1. A nitrogen containing silane compound having the formula |)b fx? iii itt 9f itle t where R is selected frorn'the group consisting'of a1 kylene, cycloalkylene, alkylene substituted cycloalkylene, arylene, alkylene substituted arylene, alkylene diarylene, alkylene-oxy-alkylene, arylene-oxy-arylene, alkylenearylene-oxy-arylene, alkylenearylene-oxy-alkylenearylene, arylenealkylene-oxy-alkylene, arylenealkylene-oxy-arylenealkylene, alkylene-thio-alkylene, arylene-thio-arylene, arylenealkylene-thioarylenealkylene, alkylene-sulfonyl-alkylene, arylenesulfonyl-arylene, alkylene arylene-sulfonyl-arylene, alkylenearylene-sulfonyl-alkylenearylene, arylenealkylene-sulfonyl-alkylene, arylenealkylene-sulfonyl arylenealkylene, and the corresponding halogenated radicals; X is a radical selected from the group consisting of halo, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, -N NI-I alkyl substituted amine, amide and organo oxycarbonyl radicals selected from the alkyl oxycarbonyl, cycloalkyl oxycarbonyl and aryl oxycarbonyl radicals; T is a radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, and aralkyl radicals; a is an integer from 1 to 3; b is an integer from 0 to 2; c is an integer from 1 to 10; d is an integer from I to 3; and a b d equals 4; wherein the said arylene and aryl radicals are carbocyclic arylenes and aryls, respectively, containing six to 18 carbon atoms, the said alkylene and alkyl radicals contain one to 20 carbon atoms and the said cycloalkylene and cycloalkyl radicals contain three to 20 carbon atoms.

2. 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propylsulfonyl azide.

3. Mixed ortho, meta, and para-isomers of 2- (trimethoxysilyl)ethylbenzenesulfonylazide.

Po-wfio UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 7 CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. U.S.P. 3,697,551 Dated Odnber 10, 1972 Inventor(s) J. Brent Thomson (Case 1-3) It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Col. 4, Line 54 "phenylememethylene" should read "phenylenemethylene" Col. 5, Line 16 "trifluoroacetamine" should read "trifluoroacetamide" Col. 10, Line 22 "ropyl" should read "propyl" Col. 16, Lines 46 & 47 (approx.)

"3- (trimethoxysilyl) should read under Azidosilane Col. 23, TABLE VI, 5th heading "Modulus x 10 should read "Modulus p.s.i.XlO

Col. 25, Line 6 (approx.)

"Hour Boil" should read "72 Hour Boil" Signed and sealed this 13th day of March 1973.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Commissioner of Patents Attesting Officer 

2. 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propylsuLfonyl azide.
 3. Mixed ortho, meta, and para-isomers of 2-(trimethoxysilyl)ethylbenzenesulfonyl azide. 